Capitalist agriculture, COVID‐19 and agrarian labour relations in Punjab, India

In the state of Punjab, heart green revolution in India, a large fraction agricultural labour is expended by migrant workers. The unplanned lockdown imposed Indian government affected paddy transplantation, labour-intensive activity Punjab primarily due to interstate restrictions on movement. Drawing primary survey village from Malwa region paper examines changes agrarian relations rural Covid-19 pandemic critically analysing dynamics capital relations. restriction movement and unilateral imposition transplantation wage rates few Panchayats (dominated capitalist landlords rich peasants) has intensified class conflict state. government's policies, which are driven peasants, have played significant role increased exploitation concludes with brief evaluation induced political economy Punjab.